Umar – may Allah be pleased with him – used to query delegates from the regions about the state of the dhimmis, fearing that a Muslim has caused them harm. They would say to him: “We know only fulfilment”; i.e. under the terms of the covenant and the contract between them and the Muslims. This requires that both parties meet the obligations of the contract. and in including him, as Umar – may Allah be pleased with him – said to the caliph after him: “I command that he is good to dhimmis, and to fulfil their covenants, and to protect them.” Tarikh al-Tabari Vol. 4, 218